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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 11:21 pm
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Results for juvenile offenders (canada)
7 results foundAuthor: DeGusti, Berenice Title: Best Practices for Chronic/Persistent Youth Offenders Summary: In 2006, the Canadian Research Institute for Law and the Family (CRILF) began work on the three-year project, A Study of Youth Offending, Serious Habitual Offenders, and System Response in Calgary. One objective of this study was to develop a knowledge base of best practices in Canada and internationally for chronic and persistent youth offenders. With funding from the Alberta Law Foundation and the National Crime Prevention Centre, and in partnership with the Centre for Initiatives on Children, Youth and the Community, City of Calgary Community and Neighbourhood Services, and the Calgary Police Service, CRILF researchers performed an environmental scan to assess what programs and strategies police agencies across Canada have in place to address this youth offending population. This report summarizes information collected on the nature and type of community-based, multi-agency and police strategies and programs that exist across Canada for chronic and persistent youth offenders. In order to examine the programs and strategies used by police organizations in Canada, CRILF interviews with key informants were conducted with a number of police agencies across the country. The key informants for this review included police and agency representatives from across Canada who had experience working with and delivering services to youth offenders. In total, 255 police agencies and other organizations were contacted across Canada from October 2008 to February 2009, with a total of 140 completed interviews conducted using a standardized interview protocol. Police and other agencies (community organizations) involved in providing services for youth offenders that did not participate in the environmental scan either declined to participate or did not respond before the end of the data collection period. While the focus of intervention in most provinces was police organizations, in Quebec, services for youth offenders are provided mainly through 16 Youth Centres (YCs) or “Centres jeunesse” located in communities across the province. These are para-governmental agencies almost entirely funded by the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MSSS). They provide a range of services to children, youth, and their families, including young people up to 18 years of age who are subject to the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) and/or the Youth Protection Act in Quebec. In order to get a comprehensive picture of the response of Quebec authorities to chronic and persistent youth offenders, requests were sent to all 16 YCs in the province. Interviews were completed with representatives from 12 Youth Centres serving more than 85% of the province’s population and the Director of Youth Protection in Inuulitsivik Baie, who have direct responsibility for providing services to youth offenders in Quebec. A total of 16 police services, including the Sûreté du Québec (SQ), were also contacted. Interviews were completed with representatives from 9 of the police agencies contacted serving approximately 80% of the province’s population. Details: Calgary, Alberta: Canadian Research Institute for Law and the Family and Centre for Initiatives on Children, Youth and Community, 2009. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 15, 2011 at: http://people.ucalgary.ca/~crilf/publications/Final_Draft_Best_Practices_Report_May_2009.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Canada URL: http://people.ucalgary.ca/~crilf/publications/Final_Draft_Best_Practices_Report_May_2009.pdf Shelf Number: 120771 Keywords: Chronic Offenders, JuvenilesJuvenile Offenders (Canada)RecidivismRehabilitation |
Author: MacRae, Leslie Title: A Profile of Youth Offenders in Calgary: An Interim Report Summary: The Canadian Research Institute for Law and the Family (CRILF) is conducting a three-year study of youth offending in Calgary with funding from the City of Calgary Community and Neighbourhood Services (Year 1) and the Alberta Law Foundation. The objectives of this study are to: 1. identify how the implementation of the Youth Criminal Justice Act has affected the flow of cases through the youth justice system in Alberta and the workload for various components of the provincial youth justice system; 2. develop a model for predicting why some Calgary youth become serious habitual offenders (SHOs), while others do not; and 3. build a knowledge base for the City of Calgary Community and Neighbourhood Services, Calgary Police Service and other relevant provincial-based agencies for increasing their effectiveness and efficiency by conducting an environmental scan of current best practices in Canada related to: • predictors (risk and protective factors) of offending by youth; • use of decision making instruments and protocols across Canada; and • programs targeted at chronic/persistent youth offenders across Canada. The investigation of these objectives was planned over a three-year period and will result in a number of research reports. The activities for Year 1 of the study, which focussed primarily on Objective #2, are the focus of this report. Details: Calgary, Alberta: Canadian Research Institute for Law and the Family, 2008. 175p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 15, 2011 at: http://people.ucalgary.ca/~crilf/publications/Final_Report_A_Profile_of_Youth_Crime_in_Calgary_March2008.pdf Year: 2008 Country: Canada URL: http://people.ucalgary.ca/~crilf/publications/Final_Report_A_Profile_of_Youth_Crime_in_Calgary_March2008.pdf Shelf Number: 121367 Keywords: Chronic Juvenile OffendersJuvenile Justice SystemsJuvenile Offenders (Canada)RecidivismRisk Assessment |
Author: Cunningham, Alison Title: One Step Forward: Lessons Learned from a Randomized Study of Multisystemic Therapy in Canada Summary: Five years ago, a committed and energetic group of people in four southern Ontario communities embarked upon a process that brought a promising intervention for serious young offenders to Canada. Multisystemic Therapy (MST) had attracted attention in the United States where two randomized studies showed dramatic success in reducing arrests and incarceration. Ontario’s Ministry of Community and Social Services supported the MST project because it promised to be a cost-efficient way of reducing youth crime. Reductions in offending would, in turn, reduce both losses to crime victims and costs associated with criminal justice processing. The National Crime Prevention Centre (NCPC) supported the evaluation to learn if MST could work in Canada as well as it had in the United States. The follow-up will end in 2004, and few research questions will be left unanswered. There are two parts to this document. The first is a background of the MST project including interim research results on 407 youth. The second is a discussion of “lessons learned” and the related recommendations for policy makers, funding bodies, and researchers. This discussion begins with a description of 10 different ways the wrong conclusion could have been made about the effectiveness of MST in Canada, had a less rigorous methodology been used. Various observations and recommendations flow from the lessons learned. The biggest lesson is clear: the time and effort spent on rigorous research pays off in information that informs the search for effective interventions. Conversely, research that falls short of accepted standards of scientific rigour – unfortunately the norm in Canada – could be justifying the status quo when better interventions should be sought. It might even be pushing practice in the wrong direction. We can look to the United States for examples of how randomized field studies are contributing to the crime prevention knowledge base. While “evidence-based practice” has become a common buzz word, there is little Canadian evidence that can reliably inform our choices of program models. This study suggests caution in assuming American results will replicate in Canada. Even in the United States, crime prevention is driven more by rhetoric than reality because current research results should really be viewed with no more than cautious optimism.[1] Some may be tempted to label this study a failure because we are not able to recommend the adoption of MST in Canada. Quite the opposite. We learn a great deal from finding out what does not work. MST is probably not the answer for this client group, but the current interventions did not fare well either. It would be a mistake to take these results as proof that existing practice is effective. This study puts us one step forward in the journey to find effective interventions for serious young offenders. It is a worth-while trip because the goal is community safety. Details: London, ONT: Centre for Chidlren and Families in the Justice System, London Family Court Clinic, 2002. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 23, 2011 at: http://www.lfcc.on.ca/One_Step_Forward.pdf Year: 2002 Country: Canada URL: http://www.lfcc.on.ca/One_Step_Forward.pdf Shelf Number: 122467 Keywords: Alternatives to IncarcerationCommunity-Based TreatmentCosts of Criminal JusticeJuvenile Offenders (Canada)Multisystemic Therapy |
Author: Leschied, Alan Title: Seeking Effective Interventions for Serious Young Offenders : Interim Results of a Four-Year Randomized Study of Multisystemic Therapy in Ontario, Canada Summary: This report contains interim outcome data from a four-year randomized study of Multisystemic Therapy (MST) in four southern Ontario communities. With therapy teams in London, Mississauga, Simcoe County and Ottawa, about 200 families received MST between 1997 and 2001. At the same time, about 200 families continued with the usual services available through the local youth justice and social service systems. These services typically took the form of probation supervision augmented as seen necessary by referral to specialized programming. Group assignment was determined randomly so the two groups were equivalent at the outset. That being true, the behaviour of the usual services group reflects the behaviour of the MST recipients, had they not received MST, and any post-intervention differences can be attributed to MST. Ontario’s Ministry of Community and Social Services supported the project because MST promised to be a cost-efficient way of reducing youth crime. Reductions in offending would, in turn, reduce both losses to crime victims and costs associated with criminal justice processing. The National Crime Prevention Centre (NCPC) in Ottawa supported the evaluation to learn if MST could be a cost-efficient intervention for youth crime and if it might be a viable alternative to custody for serious offenders. This is the final report to the National Crime Prevention Centre pursuant to that funding. Because each youth will be tracked for three years, the study will not be complete until 2004. The multi-site nature of the project permitted comparisons across different types of communities under variable conditions of implementation. The intent was to implement the same intervention across the sites and all teams had the same training, were supervised by the same MST consultant, and met quarterly for boosters. A standard research protocol was used. Other important features of the study were intake screening against inclusionary and exclusionary criteria, a large sample, a valid measure of outcome, and long-term follow-up. The data collection strategy was specifically designed to answer research questions posed by stakeholder groups. Considerable care and expense were expended to ensure fidelity to the treatment model. The outcome measure involved real behaviour in the community, not in-program changes in attitudes or clinical symptoms. The research was designed and conducted by investigators independent of the method’s developer, the funder, and the agencies delivering the program. Details: London, ON: Centre for Children & Families in the Justice System of the London Family Court Clinic, 2002. 151p., app. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 12, 2011 at: http://www.lfcc.on.ca/seeking.html Year: 2002 Country: Canada URL: http://www.lfcc.on.ca/seeking.html Shelf Number: 123318 Keywords: Juvenile Offenders (Canada)Juvenile ProbationMultisystemic TherapyTreatment Programs, Juveniles |
Author: Corrado, Raymond R. Title: Youth At-Risk of Serious and Life-Course Offending: Risk Profiles, Trajectories, and Interventions Summary: One of the enduring criminal justice policy issues facing most democratic governments is the reduction of serious and violent offending by both youth and adults. While it is not yet evident whether there has been a reduction in the continuity of offending from adolescence into adulthood in Canada, comparative research from England overwhelmingly confirmed this continuity (Farrington, 2002). In effect, two related major crime prevention policy challenges are how to reduce the levels of adolescent and adult serious offending and how to disrupt the criminal trajectory linking child delinquency, serious adolescent criminality, and serious adult criminality. Since the 1990s, there has been a substantial increase in research confirming the importance of well known risk factors for serious and violent young offenders. In addition, there has been a concomitant increase in the evaluations of intervention programs designed to reduce risk factors. This report reviews the most recent literature that identifies the range of risk factors, the developmental patterns of risk factors, and highlights appropriate age-stage intervention approaches for youth with varying risk profiles. Part of the success of more recent interventions can be attributed to the development of more sophisticated risk assessment instruments. These instruments range from brief screenings for specific risks, such as sexual aggression, to comprehensive instruments designed to identify life-course risk factors. While the related concepts of risk and protective factors for antisocial behaviours is well established, there has been a recent emphasis toward explaining the inherently complex interaction between risk and protective factors. Another major shift in research on serious and violent youth was the emergence of bio-psychological risk factors. While much of this research remains tentative, it has very important implications for both the identification of additional and possibly critical risk factors, as well as the development of new intervention strategies that could be implemented very early on in the life-course and at later stages of development. This report is based on a review of relevant risk factors that must be taken into consideration when applying interventions to prevent, reduce, or respond to youth at risk of serious and life-course offending. Discussion of these risk factors is presented in the format of pathway models that are hypothesized to illustrate the clustering of risk factors among distinct groups of young offenders. These groups are believed to be qualitatively different from each other and while they may exhibit several similar behavioural problems, these problems are experienced differently among the different types of youth and thus must be targeted differently. The key assumption of these models is that there are various groups of young offenders who present with different “causes” of antisocial behaviour. Effective and sustained reductions of antisocial behaviour in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood require interventions that address these causal risk factors, as opposed to behavioural outcomes associated with these causes. Details: Ottawa, Canada: National Crime Prevention Centre, Public Safety Canada, 2011. 42p. Source: Research Report: 2011-02: Internet Resource: Accessed August 8, 2012 at http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/res/cp/res/_fl/2011-yar-eng.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Canada URL: http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/res/cp/res/_fl/2011-yar-eng.pdf Shelf Number: 125939 Keywords: At-Risk Youth (Canada)Criminal Careers (Canada)Juvenile Offenders (Canada)Life CoursePersistent Young Offenders (Canada) |
Author: Day, David M. Title: Criminal Trajectories of Two Subsamples of Adjudicated Ontario Youths Summary: This report presents the findings of three studies conducted on two subsamples of adjudicated Ontario youth. The objective of the studies was twofold: (1) to examine the criminal trajectories of the two subsamples over several follow-up periods; and (2) to identify childhood predictors and adolescent correlates of trajectory group membership. This research is grounded in a number of theoretical, empirical, and statistical advances made over the past 15 years that have contributed to a more fine-grained and comprehensive understanding of the onset, maintenance, and desistance of criminal activity over the life course. These advances include publication of the seminal two-volume work on criminal careers (Blumstein, Cohen, Roth, & Visher 1986); emergence of new theoretical models of antisocial and criminal behaviour framed within a development and life course (DLC) perspective (Farrington, 2003, 2005); accumulation of findings in risk factor research (Farrington, 2007); and the advent of group-based trajectory analysis for examining longitudinal data (Nagin, 2005). There is now a greater understanding of the role and impact of key risk factors in the lives of individuals on the development of antisocial and criminal behaviour. These risk factors, falling into five life domains (i.e., individual, family, peer, school, and community), include early onset antisocial behaviour, attention problems, and substance use, as well as child maltreatment, broken home and family transitions, parental criminality, poor academic achievement, and delinquent peer association. As well, new theoretical approaches, including cascade models (Masten & Cicchetti, 2010) that are framed within a development and life course perspective have posited testable hypotheses about the complex transactions and interactions among risk factors across multiple levels and systems within and outside the individual. However, more research is needed to further develop and test these models. As well, more research is needed to understand the role and impact of protective and promotive factors on the development of adaptive and maladaptive outcomes (Loeber, Farrington, Stouthamer-Loeber, & White, 2008; Löesel & Bender, 2003). Details: Ottawa: National crime Prevention Centre, Public Safety Canada, 2012. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Research Report: 2012-1: Accessed August 10, 2012 at: https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/djdctd-ntr-yth/djdctd-ntr-yth-eng.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Canada URL: https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/djdctd-ntr-yth/djdctd-ntr-yth-eng.pdf Shelf Number: 125963 Keywords: Juvenile Offenders (Canada)Juvenile to Adult Criminal CareersLife-Course Trajectories |
Author: Canada. National Crime Prevention Centre, Public Safety Canada Title: A Statistical Snapshot of Youth at Risk and Youth Offending in Canada Summary: Juvenile delinquency is a complex, multi-faceted issue. In order to devise effective prevention and intervention strategies for youth at risk, it is important to understand the context in which this behaviour occurs. Of the population of youth in Canada, the majority of them will experience normal transitions to adulthood. However, some will be exposed to adverse factors that negatively impact their psycho-social development, and which may even contribute to offending behaviour. This, in turn, may lead to their involvement with the criminal justice system. This report examines the family structure, income, employment, mental health, victimization, families-at-risk, substance use, and school dropout rates of at-risk youth in Canada. This report also examines the statistics of youth offending, including types of crime and criminal justice system involvement. Details: Ottawa, Canada: National Crime Prevention Centre (NCPC), Public Safety Canada, 2012. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 5, 2012 at: http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/res/cp/res/_fl/ssyr-eng.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Canada URL: http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/res/cp/res/_fl/ssyr-eng.pdf Shelf Number: 126268 Keywords: At-Risk Youth (Canada)Crime Trends (Canada)Demographic Trends (Canada)Juvenile Offenders (Canada)Youth Offending (Canada) |